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刘志强1, 2, , 宋朝阳1, 2, 程守业1, 2, 荆国业1, 2, 高伟1, 2, 李生生1, 2
1.北京中煤矿山工程有限公司, 北京 100013
2.矿山深井建设技术国家工程研究中心, 北京 100013
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52004125);天地科技股份有限公司创新创业资金重点资助项目(2023-TD-ZD010-003)
详细信息
LIU Zhiqiang1, 2, ,
SONG Zhaoyang1, 2, , ,
CHENG Shouye1, 2,
JING Guoye1, 2,
GAO Wei1, 2,
LI Shengsheng1, 2
1.
Beijing China Coal Mine Engineering Company Limited , Beijing 100013, China
2.
National Engineering Research Center of Deep Shaft Construction , Beijing 100013 , China
摘要
摘要: 比较全面地总结了新中国成立70余年来，我国煤矿矿井建设技术从引进吸收、自主发展到再创新的历程，以及在基础研究、工艺创新、技术突破、装备研制和成果转化方面取得的重要成果，涉及钻爆法、冻结法、注浆法、钻井法、沉井法等凿井技术以及煤矿岩巷掘进技术。目前，以钻爆破岩为主的凿井配套装备机械化、自动化水平显著提高，煤矿千米级深井短段掘砌综合凿井技术趋于成熟，竖井凿井最大深度达到1 341.6 m。冻结法、注浆法等凿井地质保障技术水平显著提升，逐步代替了帷幕法、板桩法和降水法等凿井技术，竖井最大冻结深度达990 m，斜井最大冻结段斜长达681 m，采用工作面注浆建成煤矿最长斜井为5 875 m，竖井地面预注浆加固深度达1 355 m。机械破岩井巷掘进技术取得突破性进展，反井钻机最大钻井直径达6 m，最大钻井深度达562 m；竖井钻机钻井法实现了最大钻井直径10.8 m，最大钻井深度660 m，且应用范围逐步扩大；竖井掘进机钻井法实现了零的突破，为煤矿竖井智能化凿井奠定了基础；煤矿岩巷机掘法作业线已经形成，岩巷全断面掘进机平均成巷速度超400 m/月。综上，70余年来我国煤矿矿井建设技术与装备创新发展，显著提升了煤矿井巷掘进作业环境、施工效率和安全水平，实现了井巷掘进工作面无人化、自动化、全机械化作业，解决了我国煤炭开发各阶段井巷建设的难题，保障了煤矿基础建设及开采接续建设。同时，从煤矿矿井建设发展起来的技术装备和取得的成功经验，在水力发电、市政轨道交通、山岭交通隧道、引水隧道等地下工程领域得到了推广实践，为国家重点工程建设和国民经济发展做出了贡献。
Abstract: The paper comprehensively summarizes the process of China's coal mine construction technology from introduction and absorption to independent development since the founding of New China more than 70 years ago, as well as the important achievements in basic research, process innovation, technological breakthrough, equipment development and achievement transformation, involving drilling and blasting method, freezing method, grouting method, drilling method, caisson method and other drilling technology as well as coal mine rock tunneling technology. At present, the mechanization and automation level of drilling and blasting equipment mainly for drilling and blasting rock has been significantly improved, and the comprehensive drilling technology for short-segment excavation of kilometer-level deep wells has been mature, and the maximum depth of vertical shaft drilling has reached 1341.6 m.The level of geological support technology for drilling and tunneling such as freezing method and grouting method has been significantly improved, gradually replacing the curtain method, sheet pile method and dewatering method and other drilling technology. The maximum frozen depth of vertical shaft is 990 m, and the maximum frozen section of inclined shaft is 681 m. The longest inclined shaft of 5875 m is built by working face grouting, and the ground pre-grouting reinforcement depth is 1355 m.Breakthroughs have been made in the technology of mechanical rock breaking and tunneling. The maximum drilling diameter of reverse drilling rig is 6 m, and the maximum drilling depth is 562 m.The maximum drilling diameter of vertical drilling rig is 10.8 m, and the maximum drilling depth is 660 m, and the application range is gradually expanded. The drilling method of vertical tunneling machine has achieved a breakthrough of zero, which has laid a foundation for intelligent drilling of coal mine vertical shaft. The operation line of the mechanized excavation method of the rock tunnel has been formed, and the average tunneling speed of the full section tunneling machine is more than 400 m/month. In summary, the innovation and development of coal in China mine construction technology and equipment in the past 70 years has significantly improved the operation environment, construction efficiency and safety level of the coal mine tunneling, realized the unmanned and fully mechanized operation of the tunneling working face, solved the problems of the tunnel construction in each stage of coal development in China, and ensured the basic construction and mining continuous construction of coal mines. At the same time, the technical equipment developed from the coal mine construction and the successful experience have been promoted and practiced in the underground engineering fields such as hydraulic power generation, municipal rail transit, mountain traffic tunnels, water diversion tunnels, and made contributions to the construction of national key projects and the development of national economy.
矿井建设 / 井巷工程 / 竖井 / 斜井 / 机械破岩
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